Typically, a scene is described to the patient and the confederate provides carefully controlled prompts and responses. A psychiatric patient or socially isolated student might be observed in a clinic waiting room while attempting to initiate and maintain a conversation with a confederate-stranger. One type of analogue observation used in the evaluation of social skills is the role play, in which a patient in a simulated social situation responds to social stimuli typical of those encountered in the natural environment. For example, to evaluate possible problem-solving difficulties at home, a distressed marital couple might be requested to discuss a problem in their relationship while being observed in a clinic from a one-way mirror. Patient behavior in analogue assessment is presumed to correlate with their behavior in the natural environment. Analogue and natural environment assessment may differ in the participants, social stimuli, settings, and required behaviors. It involves assessment elements that are similar to the natural environment of the patient on some but not other dimensions. Haynes, in Handbook of Psychological Assessment (Third Edition), 2000 Analogue ObservationĪnalogue observation is a powerful, clinically useful, idiographically amenable, and underused assessment method. These data were used for ongoing monitoring and helped to guide discussion topics during the interviews. Most of the data were recorded on 4-point Likert scales and later downloaded on the clinician's computer. Ahn's cell phone application was programmed to query her about events, experiences, and feelings preceding and following instances of marital conflict as well as episodes of binge-eating and purging. We commented earlier that event-contingent EMA can also provide measures of an individual's behavior, thoughts, and feelings relevant to specific events. Ahn was given an actigraph to measure her sleep patterns and daily activity ( Ancoli-Israel et al., 2015). Additionally, she was asked to record each episode of binge-eating and purging that occurred over a period of 1 week as well as the contexts in which these behaviors occurred. Ahn was given a cellphone with an experience sampling application to record her mood several times throughout the day. Self-monitoring diaries and ambulatory assessment methods have been used in many studies to provide real-time estimates of clinically relevant variables such as mood, marital processes, eating, and youth behavior problems. Therefore, as we discussed earlier in this article, behavioral assessment often involves the use of methods designed to acquire data in the client's natural environments. We know that people can behave differently in different settings and that the assessment process can influence client behavior (i.e., reactive effects of assessment Minke and Haynes, 2011). Laba, in Comprehensive Clinical Psychology (Second Edition), 2022 4.06.6.1.5 Self-monitoring
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